American Football English Vocabulary & Guide
🔥 2024最新NFL术语更新美式足球(American Football)又称橄榄球,是美国最受欢迎的体育运动。学习美式足球英语不仅能帮助你看懂NFL比赛直播,还能提升体育类英语交流能力。
American Football is a team sport played with an oval-shaped ball.
美式足球是一种使用椭圆形球进行的团队运动。
1. 🏈 看懂NFL/大学橄榄球赛直播解说
2. 📰 阅读英文体育新闻报道
3. 💬 与外国球迷交流比赛心得
4. 📝 体育翻译与解说工作需要
5. 🎓 留学美国了解校园体育文化
| 英文术语 | 中文释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| Touchdown (TD) | 达阵得分 | He scored a touchdown! |
| Quarterback (QB) | 四分卫 | The QB threw a perfect pass. |
| Running Back (RB) | 跑卫 | The RB rushed for 100 yards. |
| Wide Receiver (WR) | 外接手 | The WR caught the ball in the end zone. |
| Linebacker (LB) | 线卫 | The LB made a great tackle. |
| Safety (S) | 安全卫 | The Safety intercepted the pass. |
| Offensive Line (OL) | 进攻锋线 | The OL protected the QB well. |
| Defensive Line (DL) | 防守锋线 | The DL sacked the quarterback. |
| Kicker | 踢球手 | The kicker made the field goal. |
| Punter | 弃踢手 | The punter kicked it 50 yards. |
| Fumble | 掉球/失误 | He fumbled the ball on the play. |
| Interception | 抄截 | The interception changed the game. |
| Blitz | 突袭/冲传 | The defense sent a blitz. |
| Huddle | 聚商/围圈 | The team huddled before the play. |
| Snap | 开球 | The center snapped the ball to the QB. |
| First Down | 首攻/新一轮进攻 | They got a first down on third down. |
| Red Zone | 红区(对方20码内) | They entered the red zone. |
| End Zone | 端区/得分区 | He ran into the end zone. |
| Field Goal (FG) | 射门得分 | He kicked a 45-yard field goal. |
| Extra Point (PAT) | 附加分 | The extra point was good. |
The football field is 100 yards long with two 10-yard end zones.
橄榄球场长100码,两端各有10码的端区。
Line of Scrimmage (LOS) — 开球线
Goal Line — 球门线/得分线
Hash Marks — 码线标记
Sideline — 边线
End Line — 端线
50-Yard Line — 中场线
Pocket — 口袋(四分卫保护区)
Trench — 战壕(锋线对抗区)

Offensive Zone

Defensive Zone

End Zone

Midfield
A football game consists of four 15-minute quarters with a 12-minute halftime.
一场橄榄球比赛由四节各15分钟组成,中场休息12分钟。
The clock stops after incomplete passes, out of bounds, and penalties.
在传球未完成、出界和犯规后计时器会停止。
The offense has four downs (attempts) to advance 10 yards for a first down.
进攻方有四次机会(档)推进10码以获得首攻。
If they fail, the ball is turned over to the defense.
如果失败,球权将交给防守方。
A touchdown is worth 6 points, with an extra point (1) or two-point conversion (2) possible.
达阵得6分,可选择附加1分或2分转换。
The defense can score by tackling the ball carrier in their own end zone (safety, 2 points).
防守方可在己方端区擒抱持球者得分(安全分,2分)。
A fumble recovery in the end zone also results in a touchdown.
在端区捡到掉球也算达阵。
Pass interference is a penalty that gives the offense an automatic first down.
传球干扰是犯规,会自动给进攻方首攻。
Super Bowl — 超级碗(NFL总决赛)
MVP (Most Valuable Player) — 最有价值球员
Pro Bowl — 全明星赛
Draft — 选秀大会
Free Agency — 自由球员市场
Salary Cap — 工资帽
Playoffs — 季后赛
Wild Card — 外卡赛
Divisional Round — 分区赛
Conference Championship — 联合会冠军赛
A: 美式足球在美国和加拿大称为 "Football",而在其他国家 "Football" 通常指英式足球(soccer)。美式足球英语有大量独特术语如 "Touchdown"、"Quarterback"、"Blitz" 等,这些在英式足球中不使用。英式足球常用 "Goal"、"Corner kick"、"Offside" 等术语。两者虽然都叫football,但规则和术语体系完全不同。
A: "Hail Mary pass" 是指在比赛最后时刻,四分卫向端区方向传出的绝望长传,希望接球手能奇迹般接到球达阵。这个词来源于天主教祈祷词"万福玛利亚"。例句:"With 5 seconds left, the QB threw a Hail Mary pass."(还剩5秒,四分卫传出了一记绝望长传。)
A: 可以这样描述:"The offense lined up at the line of scrimmage. The center snapped the ball to the quarterback. The QB dropped back in the pocket and threw a slant route to the wide receiver, who caught it and ran for a first down."(进攻方在开球线列阵。中锋将球传给四分卫。四分卫在口袋中后撤,向外接手传出一个斜传路线,外接手接球后跑出了首攻。)
A: "Turnover" 指球权转换,主要有四种情况:1) Fumble(掉球被对方捡到);2) Interception(传球被对方抄截);3) Turnover on downs(四次进攻未达10码);4) Failed fourth-down conversion(四档转换失败)。例句:"The interception led to a turnover and changed the momentum of the game."(抄截导致球权转换,改变了比赛势头。)
A: 常见球队:Kansas City Chiefs(堪萨斯城酋长)、Philadelphia Eagles(费城老鹰)、Dallas Cowboys(达拉斯牛仔)、San Francisco 49ers(旧金山49人)、Green Bay Packers(绿湾包装工)、New England Patriots(新英格兰爱国者)、Buffalo Bills(布法罗比尔)、Miami Dolphins(迈阿密海豚)。位置:Head Coach(主教练)、Offensive Coordinator(进攻协调员)、Defensive Coordinator(防守协调员)。
A: "Pocket" 指的是四分卫身后由进攻锋线球员形成的保护区域。四分卫在pocket中可以有时间观察场上情况并选择传球目标。如果pocket被突破("pocket collapsed"),四分卫就面临被擒杀(sack)的危险。例句:"The offensive line kept the pocket clean for the QB."(进攻锋线为四分卫保持了干净的口袋。)
A: 常见犯规类型:Holding(拉人)、False Start(抢跑)、Offsides(越位)、Pass Interference(传球干扰)、Roughing the Passer(粗暴对待传球者)、Unnecessary Roughness(不必要的粗暴行为)、Delay of Game(延误比赛)、Illegal Formation(非法阵型)。每次犯规通常罚5或10码,严重犯规罚15码。
A: 典型解说词:"And he's into the end zone! Touchdown! What a run by the running back! He broke three tackles and sprinted 40 yards for the score! The crowd goes wild!"(他冲进端区了!达阵!跑卫的跑动太精彩了!他摆脱了三次擒抱,冲刺40码得分!观众沸腾了!)
A: 达阵后,球队可以选择附加分:1) Extra Point(附加踢球,从15码线踢,得1分,成功率很高);2) Two-Point Conversion(两分转换,从2码线进攻,需要再次达阵,得2分,风险更大但回报更高)。例句:"Instead of kicking the extra point, they went for the two-point conversion and made it!"(他们没有选择踢附加分,而是选择了两分转换并且成功了!)
A: 推荐方法:1) 看NFL官方英文直播或ESPN解说;2) 阅读NFL.com英文新闻;3) 观看 "A Football Life" 等英文纪录片;4) 使用本网站术语表反复记忆;5) 参加英语角讨论美式足球话题;6) 玩Madden NFL等游戏学习术语;7) 关注NFL球队社交媒体英文账号。
1. NFL Official Rulebook — NFL官方规则手册(英文原版)
2. "Football for Dummies" — 傻瓜式橄榄球入门书
3. ESPN NFL Coverage — ESPN英文赛事报道
4. Madden NFL Video Game — 通过游戏学习术语
5. "Friday Night Lights" — 经典橄榄球美剧
Today's Word: "Audible"
今日词汇:"Audible"( audible指四分卫在开球前根据防守阵型临时改变战术的口令)
Example: "The QB called an audible at the line of scrimmage."
例句:"四分卫在开球线喊出了临时战术变更。"